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Another viewpoint, which may — or may not :) — be instructive, is a slim volume by Peter Gelderloos, "How Non-Violence Protects the State." He makes the case that "Resistance to British colonialism included enough militancy that the Gandhian method can be viewed most accurately as one of several competing forms of popular resistance."

He reminds the reader that "When we remember that history is written by the victors, another layer of the myth of Indian independence comes unraveled. ... The British were not forced to quit India. Rather, they chose to transfer the territory from direct colonial rule to neocolonial rule. What kind of victory allows the losing side to dictate the time and manner of the victors' ascendancy? The British authored the new constitution and turned power over to handpicked successors."

The above viewpoint represents a large shift in my understanding of history, as I am of the age where my thoughts were conditioned by the "nonviolent, anti-war movement." Those of us who are content with peaceful existence do not understand the wrath of the warring parasite class, but must, regrettably, admit that the wrath exists.

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